Karl Marx And Alexis De Tocqueville - 2490 Words

Though Karl Marx and Alexis de Tocqueville differ, they both contributed greatly to revolutionary concepts of their era. To better understand the analyses between politics, social, and economic changes Marx and Tocqueville discuss, we must first understand the shift of their time and the need for sociological analysis. The 19th century was a time of change and adaptation for everyone and few scholars were capable and willing to understand the impacts these changes would have on society and its entities. Both industrial and democratic revolutions affected their times and created shifts in society. The industrialization affected many aspects of society. It created a structural change in the economy shifting from agrarian income to industrial and commercial income. Technology impacted labour force and production shifting to large-scale manufacturing creating new types of investments. These changes affected class structure, migration, and workers which in turn affected economy and a shif t in politics. Karl Marx Social Change Karl Marx believed societies evolved through different stages: feudalism, capitalism, and socialism. He suspected social change to be strongly linked with the economy; class struggle caused by 19th century capitalism. With the decline of the aristocracy and the industrial revolution Marx believed more opportunities would be available for the poor, but that was not the case, instead the aristocracy were replaced by capitalists. The wealthyShow MoreRelatedTyranny And The Social Wellbeing Of Citizens1750 Words   |  7 Pagesand philosophical thinkers concerned themselves at some point with the issue of tyranny in society. Such writers spanned from Alexis de Tocqueville, to John Stuart Mill, to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The interpretations and approaches taken to the subject of tyranny and how to protect against it, though, were as varied as the collection of authors who addressed it. From de Tocqueville’s stringent observations in Democracy in America, the concept of a purely political tyranny is delineated. In contrastRead MoreAnalysis Of Alexis De Tocqueville s Life1558 Words   |  7 Pages2014; Alexis De Tocqueville was casually heading down to the local election hall in Toronto for the municipal elections occurring that night. As he stepped in and stood in line for his turn, he noticed two individuals ahead of him. At closer inspection, he was in awe to realize these two gentlemen happened to be Adam Smith and Karl Marx, two great philosophers he had always wanted to meet and converse with. Smith and Marx, realizing their admirer staring, immediately recognized Tocqueville as wellRead More Marx’s Communist Manifesto and Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesreplaced by democratic societies. What allowed for this shift? According to Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America (1832), the equality supplied by democracy is what facilitated the entrance into this new economic and political era. Furthermore, Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness are both texts written in response to the changes resulting from the industrial revolution. Both Marx and Conrad’s writings have a common concern: the theme of oppressors and oppressedRead MoreModernity and Classical Sociology Theory Essays1855 Words   |  8 Pages Paul de Man once said, â€Å"Modernity exists in the form of a desire to wipe out whatever came earlier, in the hope of reaching at least a point that could be called a true present, a point of origin that marks a new departure.† But what is he really trying to say? Modernity takes out the old and brings in the new, continually upgrading to something else? Modernity appears as a concept of change. It most commonly refers to the social conditions, processes, and discourses resulting from the Age ofRead MoreSocialism And The Current System Of Capitalism1500 Words   |  6 PagesSocialistic Government, these are the people that do not fully understand what it means. In this paper I will show you why socialism will be the death to America and why we need to keep our current system of capitalism. There is a quote by Alexis De Tocqueville to help prove my point, â€Å"Democracy and socialism have nothing in common but one word, equality. But notice the difference: while democra cy seeks equality in liberty, socialism seeks equality in restraint and servitude† (brainyquote.com, n.dRead MoreTocqueville And John Stuart Mill And Karl Marxs Views On Liberty1845 Words   |  8 Pagesthe context of political thought, pull heavily from the 19th century writings of France’s Alexis de Tocqueville and Britain’s John Stuart Mill. Germany’s Karl Marx, who was a contemporary of the two thinkers in the 19th century, has also had an effect on our thoughts concerning the admittedly abstract idea of liberty. However, his impact on our perceptions of liberty is maybe less pronounced than Tocqueville and Mill, especially in the context of American political thought, primarily because his revolutionaryRead MoreEncyclopedia Entry : Work Ethic1184 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessions are more or less laborious more or less lucrative but never higher or lower. All honest occupations are honorable. Tocqueville comprehended American’s pursuit of happiness on their honesty of occupation since American’s concept of work is a necessary, natural, and honest condition of human being is regardless of amount of his wage. A century previous from Tocqueville, Benjamin Franklin had his famous preaches, which Ferdinand Kurnberger satirizes as â€Å"the confession of faith of the Yankee†:Read MorePop Culture And Instruction Of Music Education2037 Words   |  9 Pagesare also able to retain the information presented as they have something to connect it to outside of the classroom. Miguel Centellas of the University of Mississippi, writes in his article Pop Culture in the Classroom: American Idol, Karl Marx, and Alexis de Tocqueville about his personal use of discussing television shows in the classroom to aide in his teaching. I chose†¦American Idol because [it] works particularly well for two basic reasons; (1) students are more likely to be familiar with the showRead More De Tocquevilles democracy In America Essay examples2164 Words   |  9 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alexis De Tocqueville’s Democracy in America delves deep into how the American States and the federal government would grow politically and socially under the umbrella of democracy. He sees the United States as a unique entity because of how and why it started as well as its geographical location. De Tocqueville explains that the foundations of the democratic process in America are completely different from anywhere else on the globe. The land was virginalRead MoreSocial Change Is Inevitable? Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagespoint and starts again.J.B.Bury found this concept in the stoic philosophy of Greece and Roman philosophy especially Marcus Aurelius.With those consideration Spengler believed that western civilization is going to collapse which is inevitable. Vacher de Lapouge held that race is the most important determinant of culture.Civilization, he maintained, develops and progresses when a society is composed of individuals belonging to superior races and declines when racially inferior people are absorbed into

Important Symbols and Themes of The Glass Menagerie by...

Important Symbols and Themes of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie is considered a memory play because it is told from the memory of the narrator. The narrator, who is also a character, is Tom Wingfield, the youngest member of the Wingfield family. The other characters are Amanda Wingfield, his mother; Laura Wingfield, his older sister; and Jim OConnor the gentleman caller. A fifth character is represented by the photograph of Mr. Wingfield, who left the family a long time ago. It is this departure by Mr. Wingfield that represents the theme of escape throughout the play. The Glass Menagerie is set in the apartment of the Wingfield family†¦show more content†¦Just the name of the place is a total anomaly in the story. Life with the Wingfields is as far from paradise as it could possibly be. Morning after morning, the only thing Tom and Amanda do is argue. Laura appears to find solace in playing the same records repeatedly again, day after day. Could the music floating from the dance hall to the apartment represent Lauras escape that she is afraid to take? With war ever present in the background, the dance hall could be the last chance for paradise. Another symbol presented deals more with Tom than any of the other characters. Toms habit of going to the movies shows us his longing to leave the apartment and head out into the world of reality, a place where one can find adventure. Tom, who considers himself a poet, can understand mans need for romance and adventure. The number one obstacle keeping Tom from entering reality is Amanda, who criticizes him for being a selfish dreamer (Williams 281). Tom has already take steps to ensure his escape into reality by transferring the payment of the light bill to pay for his dues in the Union of Merchant Seamen (Williams 264). Jim OConnor represents a symbol for both Laura and Amanda. To Laura, Jim represents the one thing she fears and does not want to face, reality. To Amanda, Jim represents the days of her youth, when sheShow MoreRelated The Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie  Ã‚      Tom Wingfield is the narrator and a major character in Tennessee William’s timeless play, The Glass Menagerie. Through the eyes of Tom, the viewer gets a glance into the life of his family in the pre-war depression era; his mother, a Southern belle desperately clinging to the past; his sister, a woman too fragile to function in society; and himself, a struggling, young poet working at a warehouse to pay the bills. Williams has managed to create aRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and youngRead More Essay on Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie1171 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Glass Menagerie Symbolism plays an integral part in Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie. Examples of the use of symbolism include the fire escape, as an escape from the family, the phonograph, as an escape from reality, the unicorn, as a symbol for Lauras uniqueness and the father’s photograph, representing something different to each character. Through regonition of these symbols, a greater understanding of the play’s theme is achieved. Throughout the play, Tom WingfieldRead MoreMemory and Reality in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie3119 Words   |  13 PagesMemory and Reality in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie Being a memory play, it is dimly lighted, it is sentimental, it is not realistic. To what degree is the play memory and to what degree is it realistic? When a play employs unconventional techniques, it is not trying to escape its responsibility of dealing with reality, or interpreting experience, but is actually attempting to find a closer approach, a more penetrating and vivid expression of thingsRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie Essay examples1983 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Glass Menagerie† English 102 Spring 2010 Outline I. Introduction a. Thesis statement- Playwright Williams uses symbolism throughout â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† to illustrate the struggle for happiness that each character faces. II. Symbolism a. The Glass Menagerie b. Escape c. The Unicorn d. Darkness III. Conclusion The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams. SpecificallyRead MoreGlass Menagerie Symbolism Essay2502 Words   |  11 Pageshis drama, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams uses symbolism in order to develop multi-faceted characters and to display the recurring themes of the play. These various symbols appear throughout the entire piece, and they are usually disguised as objects or imagery. They allow the reader to know the characters#8217; personalities, and their true inside characteristics. These symbols also add to the major themes, which develop as the play gains momentum. In the drama, symbols play the mostRead More Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor uses symbolism in order to add more depth to the play. In Tennessee Williams’ play, The Glass Menagerie, he describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world. The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Everyone in the play seeks refuge from their lives, attempting to escape into an imaginary world. Williams uses the fire escape as a way for the Wingfields, the protagonistsRead More Appearance Versus Reality in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie3112 Words   |  13 PagesAppearance Versus Reality in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie In any Tennessee Williams play, nothing is as it seems. Everything represents more than itself. Williams creative use of symbols creates a drama that far exceeds the apparent or surface level. Williams himself admits that art is made out of symbols the way your body is made out of the vital tissue, and that symbols are nothing but the natural speech of drama [. . . ,] the purest language of plays [. . . ; S]ometimes itRead More Comparing The Glass Menagerie and the Life of Tennessee Willliams2909 Words   |  12 PagesParallels in The Glass Menagerie and the Life of Tennessee Willliams In Tennessee Williamss drama The Glass Menagerie the setting and dramatization in the play are used to convey each member of the familys hopes, desperations, and fears. He uses symbols throughout the story to add a deeper meaning and give his characters a sense of mystery. Also, though maybe inadvertently, The Glass Menagerie actually parallels the people and events in Tennessee Willliamss life. The setting inRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Tennessee Williams play The Glass Menagerie relives the horrors of the Great Depression and the effects it had on many peoples lives. The story is in many ways about the life of Tennessee Williams himself, as well as a play of fiction that he wrote. However, the story is based on Tennessee and his familys struggle to emotionally deal with the harsh realities that followed the crash of 1929 (807). He says in the beginning, I give you truth in

The Seven Phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle Free Essays

COMPUTERIZED PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR TURNSHOP (A SUPERMARKET) PURPOSE AND PROBLEM(Initiation): Firstly the purpose of this system is to help Turnshop to solve it problem in the running of it accounting department which the whole company relies on it, so that they can have accurate, reliable and fast processing of their payroll system in the company. For now the payroll system of the company is process manually and since there are 2000 employees and more actives of the company it make it very hard and tedious to accomplish this task in the company, it also cause a high room for errors, overtime, resources and money and it will help the company a lot if they have a computerized payroll system (CPS). PlANNING The cost of the computerized payroll system (CPS) is about 50,000 Ghana cedis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Seven Phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now since we will install a two new severs for them to handle most of most of their data, one of the sever will act as a recovery and the other works as the main. And also the cost will include a free demonstration and practical tutorial for the accounting staff in TURNSHOP as well with three (3) months training using the computerized payroll system (CPS). we will help during the period of transition. It will be a user friendly and easy to install and use. 1. Since the company already has some hardware requirements already this can be use for the computerized payroll system(CPS) ,so we only need to install the software on the computers and laptops in the company and link them to the sever. SAP solutions will be installed to provide the company-wide accessibility so that they can accelerate an accurate financial closing cycle at any level. This will provide the business management solutions through the financial record of the employees and the management of finance in the company such The Detailed Employee List contains all the pay, deduction, benefit, state, And local tax codes, and monthly, quarterly, and yearly totals for each Employee. The report also provides wage and withholding information. Print the Detailed Employee List to review all the employee records That is set up in Payroll. It will eliminate the manual payroll and transaction system in the company which is time consuming and also there is a bigger chance of having errors. FLOWCHART FOR THE EMPLOYEE PAYROLL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTANLAYSIS Beginning the payroll process for the company starts with obtaining the proper documentation from employees. The human-resources department and the accountant department will need to forward an internal form or a copy of the accepted-offer letter complete with the appropriate paperwork to us. Once this process is verified as finished, recording of employee information can begin and designing and deploying for the payroll period can start. Question will be also ask and it will be both open and close questions, to help us get the full understanding of how the payroll works in the company. For example What is salary package in the organization? How the salaried will be paid? How do they calculate the local tax codes, and monthly, quarterly, and yearly totals? And many more DESIGN STAGE OF THE SYSTEM In the design the organization system will be targeting a hierarchy as follows: Company - Cluster - Business Unit (BU) - Department - Employee, The salary for an employee is made up of various salary components. Each salary component has 3 rules associated with it, a Calculation Rule (Calculate component as percentage of another component, or percentage of a fixed number or a fixed number), an Eligibility Rule (whether an Employee/Dept is eligible for a component) and a Constraint Rule which limits the maximum and minimum of a component. These rules are editable and can be edited by a user end user. Also these rules are inherited top-down, but if defined at a lower level, the lower level rule takes precedence. The database will contain Attendance, Leaves, Bonuses tables and these rules are also supposed to interact with each of the tables. The client will be generating payroll for multiple clients each hosting a Separate Database instance. They may each have a different interpretation of each component and may have different components. We are only looking to support SQL Server, and payroll generation will be an offline activity and also an online activity in some instant. It will work upon where to put the logic which uses these rules to generate the individual tax components (which will include Tax Deductions, Tax Write-offs, Allowances, etc). The system will take an employee Id and generate a payroll for that month. The order of our priorities is: 1. The ability to adapt changes to new clients quickly 2. Long term maintainability 3. Performance 1 and 2 outweigh 3 here by a large factor as this will be an offline activity. Maintainability and Quick Customizability are very important; we will be deploying the application for different clients. Client A may have a Salary Component Rule as ((0. 3 * Basic) + 800) and Client B as (0. 2 * Basic) + (0. 1 * Attendance Bonus) Also report on the payroll will be created in this stage. DEVELOPMENT STAGE After the System Design it leads to Development where the information system is built and programmed. Here we develop all the necessary ideas we got through the requirement stage and the design stage and send them a prototype so that they can try and gives us the feedback, also this phase where the bugs are worked out of the system. A contingency plan is also developed at this point. A contingency plan is an emergency management document. If the power goes out – what happens to the system? What is the back up? How fast can it be brought back up to speed? INTEGRATION AND TESTING STAGE This is the formal integration and testing of the system. Testing has been done on the development phase, but in the Integration and Testing Phase it is a formal, documented testing procedure, not only to assure that the system performs as designed, but testing the roll-out of the system. If there is already another system in place with data, how fast can that data be migrated into the new system and useable to the company? Usually, the system is rolled-out over a weekend so that if anything goes wrong, the old system is still active and available. Integration and Testing is vital for the decision to go with the new system, trusted to the system. Also In this stage the functionality of the individual sub systems in the payroll are tested to ensure proper operation. After successful testing of each subsystem the entire system of the payroll is tested to ensure all subsystems work together properly and so that an employees can check every information on his or her payroll. How to cite The Seven Phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle, Essay examples

Dental Nurse Treatment Plan of a Patient

Question: Describe about the Report on Dental Nurse for Treatment Plan of a Patient? Answer: The complex team task that came up was to decide for the Treatment Plan Of A Patient coming for full mouth assessment and found to be having complications with an extraction of teeth and issues with oral hygiene. As the patient was suffering from severe pain and the oral hygiene was not of good standard, there was a need for team work for having the suitable care plan for the patient and having the best patient outcome. The task was to provide a full treatment plan for the patient. It included recall of interviews, fixing of a date for next round of assessment, referral and list of medications. The care plan had to be completed within half an hour as per the emergency. There was a need for a team leader to carry out the task in an effective manner. The members were allocated with the respective responsibilities an each had to prepare the report within 20 minutes. The last ten minutes were allotted for compiling the care plan. A team leader in a team of professionals is a person who provides instructions, direction and guidance to the group of people constituting the team (Cork, 2014). The reason for having a team leader is to achieve a certain goal that would be beneficial for the team. Team leaders have various roles in an organization. The main role is to get the assigned job done by using all the resources available (Easton Rosenzweig, 2015). The responsibilities of a team leader are many. They create a suitable environment that is oriented to trust, cohesive team effort and trust. They provide the team with a vision of objectives and coach and help the members for developing themselves professionally. Problem solving is another major aspect they have to facilitate (Wickramasinghe Widyaratne, 2012). A team leader has to remain calm and handle pressure. Planning and prioritizing work in a suitable manner are very much expected from the team leaders (Song et al, 2013). The task was completed within half an hour, and the care plan was handed over to the patient who was satisfied with it. The standards of dental care plan was maintained, and all the necessary criteria were fulfilled. After the completion of the task, there was time given for reassigning the overall plan. It was understood that the task could have been completed a little earlier if more resources were available. On the whole, the team was successful in delivering a high standard task within the set timeline. A good effort was put forward by all. The members did a satisfactory job, and all the members gave their best effort in completing the task. The positive points were that all had maintained a two-way communication that provided a foundation for the exchange of thoughts and ideas and there was a strong focus on the target for completing the task within deadline. There were cooperation and mutual respect between the members. The means by which improvement can be made are by having more clear and improved communication, incorporating an in-depth planning and undertaking a more precise monitoring of resources and means to implement them. By following these points, progress could be achieved in a more short time. References Cork, L. (2014). Book Review: The Skillful Team Leader: A Resource for Overcoming Hurdles to Professional Learning for Student Achievement.Educational Management Administration Leadership,42(4), 595-597. Easton, G. S., Rosenzweig, E. D. (2015). Team leader experience in improvement teams: A social networks perspective.Journal of Operations Management,37, 13-30. Song, L. J., Lu, E. Q., Peng, K. Z., Wong, C. S., Wu, W. (2013). The Effect of Leader Positive Affectivity on Team Member Turnover Intention and Team Organizational Citizenship Behavior.Frontiers of Business Research in China,7(3), 311-332. Wickramasinghe, V., Widyaratne, R. (2012). Effects of interpersonal trust, team leader support, rewards, and knowledge sharing mechanisms on knowledge sharing in project teams.Vine,42(2), 214-236.

A Look At Anemia Related To Nutritional Issues Essays -

A Look At Anemia Related To Nutritional Issues A LOOK AT ANEMIA RELATED TO NUTRITIONAL ISSUES by STEPHANIE DEEB HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH METHODS HSA 4700 NOVEMBER 29, 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE......................................................................... METHODOLOGY........................................................................................ PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA.......................................... CONCLUSION............................................................................................ Medicine

Technology Being Digital

Technology Being Digital People are always ready to embrace and adopt new technologies. This can be explained by people’s behavior of trying to comprehend electronic content, computers and the internet by reading content that gives guideline on this.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology: Being Digital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different age groups of people engage in diversified reading with regard to technology all in an effort of getting more knowledge and insight on how to go about using the present modes of technology. The bits are bits idea by Negroponte shows how larger components can be transformed into minor segments which can be easily accessed with the help of computers. Everything that is tangible in form has been converted in bits that can be accessed from a computer. To start with, there were the actual objects like books and CDs. Later, these were converted into computer software that enhanced accessibility across the globe. As a result of this, the world has become a small village referred to as â€Å"the global village†. This way, people from different corners of life are able to interact and share ideas that have been translated into bits and can be accessed from the computer. Digital technology reduces time and money. Previously, before the world became digitalized, the entire economic telecommunications model relied on charges per minute, per bits (data) or per mile. The disruption of human to human interactions due to digitalization has resulted into timelessness since one does not need to spend a lot of time trying to get in touch with someone else who may be overseas. This has been achieved by the fact that the world is a global village thus transmitting information does not have to rely on time and money. A click of the mouse is enough to have the information appearing on every computer in the world. Face book is a perfect example of this, one can post any kind of infor mation that will be accessed by a large number of people without having to incur expenses or spend a lot of time. The conversion of the world into a digital world meant no distance, no time consumption and therefore fast delivery of computer content. For example, music, which was delivered in five hours, is currently delivered in no more than five seconds. The same case applies to movies and distance. The movement from New York to London has been made easy by the presence of the satellite. The act of being digital makes it possible for people to create atoms (books, CDs and related tangible objects) from bits (computerized data) and bits from atoms.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that technology can be used to achieve an intended effect like in desktop conferencing. The use of bits from atoms is cheaper as compared with obtaining the actual atoms, which ar e things like books, CDs, et cetera, since there are no middlemen. In addition, no distance is covered. Negroponte has used his wired column of being digital as an example to show how technology transmits information in the simplest form more efficiently and effectively. However, being digital has disrupted the structure of the society and cultural values. This is because, as the world becomes a global village, cultural values from a different society are assimilated and this dilutes the originally held cultural values. Digital technology is also associated with refined and less detailed information as most of the wired columns lack illustrations. High-definition televisions have destroyed broadcasting power. Ownership of bits in the digital world is not certain. This is because there are no copyright laws to protect the ones who make the bits’ inventories and as a result, bits’ cost, ownership and interaction with people are usually up for grabs. One can find e-books and download movies and music from the internet without giving credit to the owner. This way, the author or producer of a book, film or movie fails to get his or her rightful compensation. The contemporary world is an ultimate reflection of how Negroponte viewed it. Everything has become digitalized and a recent example is the world cup where people could actually refer to the match from the internet days after due to availability of bits with regard to the match. The fact that books, music and movies can be easily obtained from the internet is a show that technology is a great referencing point that can be used to source for information and events with ease.

Law - Juvenile Delinquents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law - Juvenile Delinquents - Essay Example In 2008, 180,100 juvenile arrests were made in relation to drug violations, which consisted of 15 percent of total juvenile arrests that year (Puzzanchera, 2009). These statistics further highlight that this is a seven percent reduction in drug-related arrests between 2007 and 2008. At the same time, drug violation arrests represented 11 percent of total juvenile arrests. The majority of drug-related arrests consisted of male violators compared to females. In 1994, drug violations with male offenders suddenly spiked, but have remained relatively steady since 2002 with only marginal declines year-on-year. For female violators, drug abuse arrests have also remained essentially steady since 1997, after a sudden spike in arrests around 1993, with marginal decreases year-by-year. In 2008, the states of Illinois, Maryland, and Wyoming maintained the highest arrest rates in the country (Puzzanchera, 2009). In relation to assault arrests, the volume of juvenile arrest for simple assaults rec ognized no increase or decrease from 2007 (Puzzanchera, 2009). ... For males, per 100,000 arrests, simple assault arrests were approximately totaled approximately 900. Despite male declines from 1999, 2008’s arrest records illustrate that simple assaults are dominated by male juvenile offenders. In relation to total 2008 arrests, males more than females were the most prominent offenders in all categories of violations, with 70 percent male and 30 percent female. Robbery and murder were dominated by blacks in relation to arrests made for whites and other ethnic groups for these violations. The Violent Crime Index indicates that blacks juvenile arrests were 500 percent of white juvenile arrests from 2004-2008. This has significant implications for the black ethnic group as the entire juvenile population in America in 2008 consisted of 78 percent white and only 16 percent black. Asian/Pacific Islanders made up only five percent of the juvenile population in 2008, while American Indians represented only a marginal one percent of the population. W ith these extreme ratios of approximately 5:1 for violent crime arrests between blacks and whites respectively, this indicates a potential justice abiding problem or social problem with the black population that only makes up 16 percent of the total 2008 juvenile population. Female robbery arrest rates increased 51 percent from 2002 to 2008. At the same time, the female aggravated assault arrest rates increased 80 percent from 1980 to 2008, though this was a 17 percent drop from 1999 to 2008. Larceny-theft, considered a violent crime by the Department of Justice, showed marked increases in female juvenile offenders of four percent, while male juvenile counterparts showed a large 29 percent decrease between 1999 and 2008.

Rdms.group project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rdms.group project - Essay Example The id fields, which will be used as unique field (i.e. primary key for the table), will be taken as AutoNumber data type so that it can automatically inserted for any new records in table. For AutoNumber data type, Long Integer field size is always taken (in Microsoft Office Access). For foreign key fields, Number data type with Long Integer field size will taken so that it can be easily linked with primary key fields. For name, description fields, we will take Text data type with field size 50 character. The 50-character size will be enough for storing student name, student type description and class name. The Student table will be linked with tables Student_Type. The Class_Registered table will be linked with two tables Student and Class_Type. The relationship between Student and Student_Type table will be One-To-Many (1:N). The relationship between Student and Class table will be Many-To-Many (M:N) and will be represented by two relationships: One-To-Many (1:N) relationship between Student and Class_Registered table and One-To-Many (1:N) relationship between Class_Type and Class_Registered

Create a needs assessment OUTLINE (NOT PAPER) that describes and Research Paper

Create a needs assessment OUTLINE (NOT ) that describes and documents the health status of SMOKING ADDICTION IN COLLEGE URBAN CAMPUSES....(NEW JERSEY CITY UNIVERSITY) - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the environs of the city are surrounded by neighbourhoods where drug peddling is rampant, thus a close proximity for the students to access the substances. 1. In 2012 the rate of drug addiction in universities and colleges in America was estimated at 46.7%, 29.6% among the drug users did not graduate or dropped out of school out of school before completion of their respective courses. 3. The number of learners who utilised illicit drugs went up by 3.4% in 2012; those who drank alcohol increased by 157% as compared to the previous year (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2014). 3. Approximately 4,645 cases of health complications were reported in 2012 as a result of substance abuse 90% of them were related to smoking while the rest use of alcohol and marijuana combined (Gfroereret al.2004). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 11-4658, NSDUH Series H-41). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2014). 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological resource book. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Gfroerer, J., Hughes, A., Chromy, J., Heller, D., & Packer, L. (2004). Estimating trends in substance use based on reports of prior use in a cross-sectional survey. In S. B. Cohen & J. M. Lepkowski (Eds.), Eighth Conference on Health Survey Research Methods: Conference proceedings [Peachtree City, GA] (HHS Publication No. PHS 04-1013, pp. 29-34). Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health

Lifestyle Factors And Disease Health And Social Care Essay

Lifestyle Factors And Disease Health And Social Care Essay In todays world, people are suffering from various diseases based on many lifestyle factors. Lifestyle diseases include diseases which occur based on regular habits of people. The onset of these lifestyle diseases is insidious, they take years to develop, and once encountered do not lend themselves easily to cure (John H, G. 2010). Such diseases are known as chronic diseases which are a major issue in this modern society. These are non-communicable diseases and are the major cause of death all over the world. Chronic diseases are now the major cause of death worldwide. Diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, migraine and stroke are the main cause of deaths in the world, representing around 60% of all the deaths. In 2005, 35 million people died from chronic disease out of which half of them were women and aged fewer than 70. Around 80% of people in low and middle income countries have suffered from chronic disease (World Health Organization, 2010).Lifestyle factors are respo nsible for chronic illnesses because of many health related factors such as smoking habit, improper time management which leads to sleep deprivation and by following a hectic schedule. Some chronic diseases are hereditary; it is not the case all the time that lifestyle factors are responsible for it.Although they play a major role in occurrence of these diseases. A hectic schedule can also affect peoples lifestyle. They are not able to maintain a healthy relationship because of this hectic schedule. Thus, the unhealthy relationships formed lead to problems in working place, argument with parents, misunderstandings between friends, which cause stress (Smith, M et al. 2010). Thus, a continuous exposure to stress disrupts the mental state and may lead to health problems. Chronic stress affects almost every system in your body. It can raise blood pressure, suppress the immune system, increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, contribute to infertility, and speed up the aging process (Headsup, n.d) .The quality of relationships maintained by people relates to the ability of tolerance to stress. There are several ways in which stress is dealt with. The best method is a change in lifestyle. Controlling and being in charge of thoughts, schedule, emotions and way of dealing with problems (Headsup, n.d). Also relaxation techniques such as meditation , physical exercises, listening to soothing music, deep breathing, are some of the most effective stress busters. Therefore, it is important to maintain a healthy relationship and taking out time for rest and relaxation (Lifepositive, 2010). Besides unhealthy relationships, emotional factors also lead to chronic illnesses. A hectic schedule can leave a person having negative emotions and thoughts. Disease can be a result of long lasting negative thoughts. Negative emotions such as stress, anger, anxiety or resentment, without realizing it, can cause the body to act in an unnatural way (Ellis, 2010). Excessive fear can affect a persons kidneys. For children, fear leads to nocturnal enuresis which means bedwetting. In adults, fear disturbs the working of the heart and tends to cause a deficiency in the kidneys (Smith, C. n.d).Too much anger and over reaction to certain situations affects blood circulation and sometimes leads to an excessive response by the nervous system. All of this regulates the body functions such as heart rate and blood pressure which could trigger strokes. People go through constant pensiveness (over thinking or excessive mental work) and worry because of the busy lifestyles they live. Discussing work matter while eating, studying continuously for a long time and many other kinds of multitasking involves a lot of mental work and thinking. All this sometimes affect the lungs which cause breathlessness, stiffness of shoulders and neck, headache, memory loss and absent-mindedness (Smith, C. n.d). Sadness sometimes also has effects on the heart and lungs. For example, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy which is also known as Broken-heart syndrome is a disease which causes temporary weakening of the heart muscles .The syndrome is triggered due to emotional stress like death of a loved one, a break-up or constant rejection by someone. This causes shortness of breath or chest pain and also sometimes leads to heart attack. (Rowan, K. 2009)Despite of the problems and situations faced in life, it is important to develop the ability to deal with and take charge of our thoughts and emotions. This will help in remaining focused, flexible, healthy and positive at all circumstances. (Smith, M. 2010) Time management is a set of certain practices, skills principles and guidelines that helps an individual to manage time and accomplish what he/she wants. Time management is very important because time is a limited resource if not used wisely will never come back. Improved time management makes a person more productive thereby reducing time waste and effort. Also in todays age, some planning should be done to make smart choices. One of the most important ways to manage time is by eliminating the urge of doing things that distract oneself which ultimately disorganizes ones lifestyle (Nikitina,A. 2010).Laziness Is one of the key reasons for an unorganized lifestyle. If an individual is lazy he/she would have shortage of time to do productive things. There would be no time for thinking; thinking should actually be an individuals top priority action. There wouldnt be a definite finish time; laziness reduces work efficiency as an individual wouldnt find time for taking breaks. A lazy perso n wouldnt find time for exercise, no exercise reduces lifespan. Dr Weiller said Recent studies show that only one out every 20 people do the recommended exercise. Also a lazy individual would have no time for a personal life (Hindustan Times, 2010).Laziness also causes various diseases. One of them is avoliton which has an association with mental illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder .A person faces avolition when he/she has trouble in motivating himself/herself to do things (Smoker,M. 2010). Laziness is also a symptom for depression. Being lazy leads to an improper routine and an improper routine leads to diseases. For example eating at irregular times especially during midnight when the body needs to rest influences gain in weight leading to obesity. Fred Turek, professor of neurobiology and physiology in the Weinberg College said that Proper timing of meals requires change in behavior which could be a critical element in slowing the incidence of obesity. (Fellman,M. 2 009).Sleep deprivation is dangerous and rampant. It affects the brain severely. It is mainly caused due to the current lifestyle which is high paced causing lack of time to get sleep needed (Sleepnet 2007). Excessive usage of gadgets leads to Sleep deprivation. For e.g. Watching television keeps oneself awake when he/she should be sleeping. Also falling asleep with the television on affects sleep not in a positive manner. Another good example is the usage of cell phones during sleep time .A recent study shows that people usually teens sleep while using their cell phones to text messages back and forth. They always keep their cell phones within vicinity (Naczelnik,S.2010). The I pad has also been declared dangerous to use before bed time. Staring at its screen before sleeping can lead to lying awake all night because the direct exposure to its light source inhibits secretion of melatonin from the body (Zibreg,C. 2010).Adverse sleep deprivation causes serious diseases like diabetes, o besity and heart disease (Cyprus,S.2010) . However hereditary could also be one of the reasons responsible for chronic illnesses other than various lifestyle factors. Many chronic diseases such as diabetes, migraine are passed on within families from one generation to another. Inherited genes are not possible to heal consciously or subconsciously, and this is why chronic diseases are very difficult to solve with genes repeated within the family (Mihaela,T. 2010). In some individuals genetic factors may predispose them, but environmental and lifestyle factors are what determines whether disease manifests itself or not (Richardson,K. 2010). In developing countries lifestyle factors are one of the major risk factors for chronic diseases than people inheriting hereditary factors. They last for a longer period of time, and leads to high proportion of diseases. All in all, in todays generation lifestyle factors as mentioned in the above arguments play a major role in people suffering from chronic illnesses. Other than lifestyle, genetic factors are also responsible for the number of deaths due to chronic disease. And in order to overcome this everyone should lead an organized and a healthy lifestyle by encouraging more physical activity,avoid smoking and managing time efficiently.

FRED STENSON’S - TEETH - :: English Literature

FRED STENSON’S - TEETH - Teeth, by Fred Stenson, is an interesting short story, with a plot spread between two hockey games and the childhood memories of the main character. The story is written in first person, through the eyes of a hockey player – the main character - and the setting is in western Canada, mainly around Canadian hockey rinks and the main character’s hometown. The story presents a player, who plays hockey for money rather than for pleasure. The author of this story tries to provoke the readers, by writing through the eyes of this player, who does not love the game he plays. The idea that a hockey player – a professional Canadian hockey player – would dislike the game of hockey and still play, is what shocks, confuses and keeps the reader interested in the story. This unusual characterization of a hockey player is also important to the development of plot. Finally, this story gives people advice about how to live and enjoy life more effectively. The story begins during one of Burns’s – the main character - hockey games, on a Tuesday night, not long after Christmas. The players in his team are quite fatigued and near the end of a game. They are supposed to change lines onto the ice, but Burns is lost in a daydream about his youth and the line change goes too slowly. For some seconds there is no one on the ice except the goalie and the six members of other team. The other team scores a goal before the line change is completed and Burn’s team goes on to lose the game 5-3 (93). The reader must conclude that the loss of the game is partly the fault of the main character. This conclusion comes from the fact that he is daydreaming about his childhood, and memories of being made to play hockey by his parents. It is at this point in the story that the reader learns of Burn’s dislike for the game of hockey, and through these daydreams that the reader discovers the main character’s motivation to play the game is the money he is being paid. After the game, in the dressing room, the manager is angry and threatens to send some of the players down to the minor leagues. When the main character hears this, his reaction is not what the reader would expect of a hockey player who loves to play the game. Instead, Burns continues to daydream and shows a lack of respect for his teammates and the manager. The manager mainly blames Burns for the team’s loss, because he did not put out, and his lack of enthusiasm infects the

Panic Attack Outline Essay

I. Introduction A. Panic Attacks are a form of Anxiety characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms. B. Panic Attack disorder affects about 6 million American adults and is twice as common in women as men. (Huppert) C. Panic Attacks often begin in late adolescence or early adulthood, but not everyone who experiences panic attacks will develop panic disorder. II. Thesis Statement A. Panic Attacks can occur at any time, even while sleeping. B. I would like to discuss this disabling condition and how most people go undiagnosed and untreated. (Ebell) III. Body A. Many people have just one or two panic attacks in their lifetimes, and the problem goes away, perhaps when a stressful situation ends. 1. But if you’ve had recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and spent long periods in constant fear of another attack, you may have a condition called panic disorder. 2. Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia, in which people experience seemingly out-of-the-blue panic attacks. a. Sometimes they develop a fear of going into places where they have had previous panic attacks. About one in three people with panic disorder develops agoraphobia. b. They stick to places they consider safe, and avoid public places (such as malls, trains, and stadiums) where escape may be difficult. c. Some people develop a fixed route or territory, and it may become impossible for them to travel beyond their safety zones without suffering severe anxiety. (A.P.A.) B. Panic attacks were once dismissed as nerves or stress, but they’re now realized as a real medical condition. 1. Although can significantly affect your quality of life, treatment can be very effective. 2. A person with panic disorder may become discouraged and feel ashamed because he or she cannot carry out normal routines like going to the grocery store or driving. Having panic disorder can also interfere with school or work. C. Panic attacks typically begin suddenly, without warning. 1. They can strike at almost any time — when you’re driving the car, at the mall, sound asleep or in the middle of a business meeting. 2. Panic attacks have many variations, but symptoms usually peak within 10 minutes. You may feel fatigued and worn out after a panic attack subsides. a. Panic attacks typically include a few or many of these symptoms: Sense of impending doom or danger, fear of loss of control or death, rapid heart rate, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, hyperventilation, chills, hot flashes, nausea, abdominal cramping, chest pain, headache, dizziness, faintness, tightness in your throat, and trouble swallowing. b. One of the worst things about panic attacks is the intense fear that you’ll have another one. You may fear having a panic attack so much that you avoid situations where they may occur. You may even feel unable to leave your home (agoraphobia) because no place feels safe. (Iacoviello) IV. When to see a doctor. A. If you have any panic attack symptoms, seek medical help as soon as possible. 1. Panic attacks are hard to manage on your own, and they may get worse without treatment. 2. And because panic attack symptoms can also resemble other serious health problems, such as a heart attack, it’s important to get evaluated by your health care provider if you aren’t sure what’s causing your symptoms. B. Early treatment can often prevent agoraphobia, but people with panic disorder may sometimes go from doctor to doctor for years and visit the emergency room repeatedly before someone correctly diagnoses their condition. 1. This is unfortunate, because panic disorder is one of the most treatable of all the anxiety disorders, responding in most cases to certain kinds of medication or certain kinds of cognitive psychotherapy, which help change thinking patterns that lead to fear and anxiety. (Ebell) 2. First, talk to your doctor about your symptoms. Your doctor should do an exam to make sure that another physical problem isn’t causing the symptoms. The doctor may refer you to a mental health specialist. V. Causes A. It’s not known what causes panic attacks or panic disorder, but these factors may play a role: 1. Genetics. 2. Major stress. 3. Temperament that is more susceptible to stress. 4. Certain changes in the way parts of your brain function. B. Some research suggests that your body’s natural fight-or-flight response to danger is involved in panic attacks. 1. For example, if a grizzly bear  came after you, your body would react instinctively. Your heart rate and breathing would speed up as your body prepared itself for a life-threatening situation. 2. Many of the same reactions occur in a panic attack. But it’s not known why a panic attack occurs when there’s no obvious danger present. VI. Risk Factors A. Symptoms of panic disorder often start in the late teens or early adulthood and affect more women than men. B. Factors that may increase the risk of developing panic attacks or panic disorder include: 1. Family history of panic attacks or panic disorder. 2. Significant stress. 3. Death or serious illness of a loved one. 4. Major changes in your life, such as the addition of a baby. 5. History of childhood physical or sexual abuse. 6. Experiencing a traumatic event, such as an accident or sexual assault. (A.P.A) VII. Treatment. A. Psychotherapy, also called talk or behavior therapy, is considered an effective first choice treatment for panic attacks and panic disorder. 1. Psychotherapy can help you understand panic attacks and panic disorder and learn how to cope with them. 2. Cognitive behavioral therapy can help you learn through your own experience that panic symptoms are not dangerous. a. During therapy sessions, your therapist will help you gradually re-create the symptoms of a panic attack in a safe, supportive setting. b. Once the physical sensations of panic no longer seem threatening, the attacks begin to resolve. c. Successful treatment can also help you overcome fears of situations that you’ve been avoiding because of panic attacks. B. Medications (US DH&HS) 1. Medications can help reduce symptoms associated with panic attacks as well as depression if that’s an issue for you. Several types of medication have been shown to be effective in managing symptoms of panic attacks, including: a. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). b. Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). c.  Benzodiazepines. VIII. Prevention. A. There’s no sure way to prevent panic attacks or panic disorder. However, these recommendations may help. B. Get treatment for panic attacks as soon as possible to help stop them from getting worse or becoming more frequent. C. Stick with your treatment plan to help prevent relapses or worsening of panic attack symptoms. D. Get regular physical activity, which may play a role in protecting against anxiety. IX. In Conclusion A. Panic Attacks are very real and can happen to anyone at any given time. B. Be aware of yourself and everyone around you; never know when a panic attack can occur. Any Questions? Bibliography American Psychiatric Association (2009). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with panic disorder. Available online: http://psychiatryonline.org/guidelines.aspx. Ebell MH. Diagnosis of anxiety disorders in primary care. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Aug 15;78(4):501-2. Huppert JC, et al. (2009). Anxiety disorders: Cognitive-behavioral therapy. In BJ Sadock et al., eds., Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th ed., vol. 1, pp. 1915–1926. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Iacoviello BM, Mathew SJ (2010). Anxiety disorder. In EG Nabel, ed., ACP Medicine, section 13, chap. 1. Hamilton, ON: BC Decker. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (ODPHP Publication No. U0036). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Website: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default.aspx.

The Function of Place and Space in Days of Heaven by Terence Malick

The Function of Place and Space in Days of Heaven by Terence Malick Film theory deals with the exploration of the nature and essence of films, their influence on the audience, relationships of the film context and scenes with reality, society, its history and culture. Films use specific â€Å"means of expression†, such as camera work, lightning, shots, sound.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Function of Place and Space in â€Å"Days of Heaven† by Terence Malick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Place and space are ones of the most influential means of expression that are used to render the changes of time, plot of the films and historical context. They are extremely important for the understanding of the theme and message of the film, and create specific form of it. Moreover, they influence the intellectual and emotional processes of viewing a film. In this paper, we are going to discuss the function of place and space in Days of Heaven by Terence Malick produced in 1 978. Place and space are skillfully used in the film and contribute greatly to the understanding of the film and its main characters. The settings of the Days of Haven are the Texas of the early 20th century. The film tells the story of two lovers, Abby and Bill who came there to find better living. The story develops in the picturesque landscape of the crop fields, woods and beautiful rivers. The film is considered to be landmark of the American cinema and it is widely recognized as one of the best films of the 1970s American cinema. The director made use of the powerful symbolism of nature which shaped the scenes of the film, its dialogues and plot. One of the most significant features of the film is that all major events and scenes are developing in the specific landscapes. The choice of landscapes is not accidental. They contribute to the audience’s perception of the scenes and shape their meaning. The film Days of Haven can be considered a revolutionary in the use of suc h expressive means as time and space. Almost every minute, the screen is filled with beautiful, startling images of the open crop fields. There are many panoramic close-ups of the open landscapes and waving fields. These images influence on the understanding of the characters of the protagonists of the film very much. It seems, as if they are losing their individualities; their needs and motifs are miniaturized comparing to the vivid landscapes of the Texas. Thus, in the film, â€Å"the project of deploying space as an analytical tool involves consideration of a number of different aspects of space† (Thomas 1).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the most inspiring scenes of the film is the episode of the â€Å"Golden Hour† from the Cricket and Fire scene. In is one of the most beautiful pictures one can see during the film. It is very symbolic as encom passes the transition from the first act of the film to the second and embodies the change that should happen in lives of the protagonists. The use of space in this scene has a great meaning. First of all, it shows that person has no power over the nature and, at the same time, he is a part of it. Thus, the Days of Haven is truly one of the most beautiful films of the American cinema. It is notable for the extraordinary usage of the space and place. These expressive means contribute greatly to the development of the plot and influence the perception of the film by the audience. Thomas, Deborah. Reading Hollywood: Spaces and Meanings in American Film. London: Wallflower Press, 2001.

The Anti Oppressive Theory In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Anti Oppressive Theory In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Example The Anti Oppressive Theory In Social Work Social Work Essay Paper The Anti Oppressive Theory In Social Work Social Work Essay Paper Anti-oppressive theory and pattern in societal work seeks foremost to recognize oppressionA in communities, societies, and civilizations, and thenceforth to extinguish the force per unit area and undo the sway of such subjugation. Anti-oppressive pattern is by and big understood to be an omnibus term that includes, but is non limited to, diverse pattern attacks like feminist, anti-racist, critical, extremist, and structural models. Anti-oppressive societal work bases as such for a assortment of theories and patterns that adopt the position of societal justness. It should therefore more suitably be considered to be a position or stance toward pattern instead than a pattern attack. Dominelli ( 1998 ) perceives anti-oppressive societal work to be a type of societal work pattern that searches for societal barriers and structural inequalities in activities that are conducted with service users or workers. Anti-oppressive pattern attempts to offer more suited, antiphonal and perceptive services by responding to the demands of persons without sing their societal position. Dominelli ( 1998 ) feels that it represents a individual oriented doctrine and an classless system of values that is concerned with decreasing the deadly consequences of structural inequalities upon the lives of people. It is a methodological analysis that focuses both on procedures and on results and is an attack of structuring relationships between individuals that strives to authorise users by decreasing the inauspicious consequences of hierarchy during their interaction with each other and the activities they do together. Social workers need to reenforce their abilities and attitudes for the behavior of anti-oppressive pattern in many ways. Dalrymple and Burke ( 1995 ) province that societal workers should obtain cognition and apprehension of their ain egos, the bulk societal systems, different groups and civilizations, and of cardinal human rights in order to efficaciously confront issues on personal and structural degrees and prosecute anti-oppressive patterns. This short survey takes up the demand of societal workers to go cognizant of and familiar with human rights and assorted cultural issues, particularly those relevant to their service users, in order to prosecute in effectual anti-oppressive pattern. Particular accent is given in the survey to domestic force against adult females of cultural and immigrant communities in Ireland, many of whom face physical and mental maltreatment in their families, even as they otherwise suffer from the prejudiced attitudes and behavior of people of mainstream and dominant communities. Cooking Social Workers for Anti-oppressive Practice Oppression is basically entrenched in society for the maintaining of its unequal position quo. Contemporary societal workers are sing the alone development of an anti-oppression attack that is bit by bit replacing long-established societal work theoretical accounts of single rehabilitation and self fulfillment. The verbalization and mounting edification of the anti- subjugation attack has been and continues to be well influenced by cultural, feminist, cheery and sapphic, disablement, and other societal motions. The demand to dispute inequality is an of import driver of anti-oppressive pattern, even as it is of import to recognize that all challenges may non be successful and moreover be distressing for the individual or group who are disputing and those who are being challenged. Anti-oppressive pattern obviously draws from a societal theoretical account of difference. It builds on societal constructionist theoretical accounts of differences, racial, cultural, gendered, and others, wh ich are created within the context of unequal societal power relationships. It therefore strongly argues for the development of pattern that confronts, challenges, and alters unequal constructions at all degrees. An of import dimension of disputing inequality concerns the edifice of self-awareness and apprehension of how the societal location of the societal worker influences the communicating between the worker and the persons or groups who are being challenged. The pattern of reflecting and thought is intrinsic to the anti-oppressive manner. Dominelli ( 2002, p 9 ) argues that cognition of oneself helps in fiting persons for set abouting anti-oppressive undertakings. Self-knowledge, for Dominelli, is cardinal to the scope of accomplishments required of a brooding practician. Social workers, to be successful in anti-oppressive pattern, should be able to critically reflect on their ain egos in pattern and on the ways in which their lifes influence their pattern relationships. The ability to critically measure the experiences of subjugation of service users requires them to analyze the ways in which personal, cultural and structural issues and processes manner the troubles that service users b ring up with service bureaus. An apprehension of human rights and assorted cultural issues, experts feel, can besides assist them significantly in cognizing their ain egos, gaining the impact every bit good as the grounds for continuation of subjugation in modern twenty-four hours society, and in turn toing such issues. Human Rights and Cultural Issues Anti-oppressive pattern, with its focal point on decrease of all signifiers of societal inequality, is closely associated with the conveying about of societal justness. Much of modern twenty-four hours oppressive activity goes against the dogmas of societal justness and concerns the undermining, denying or taking off of cardinal human rights of persons or groups of people. Human rights constitute the basicss on which modern twenty-four hours society has developed in the station Second World War epoch. Whilst human rights have increasingly developed over centuries, widespread consciousness about them grew merely after the 1940s in the wake of the holocaust atrociousnesss and the death of colonialism. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 by the United Nations was a measure taken by the planetary fraternity to guarantee that human rights would non be compromised in future by the actions of people, groups or provinces. Such rights include the right to life and belongings, the right of look, the right to security from favoritism and the right to protection from physical and mental injury. Oppression however continues to happen in societies across the universe, and frequently with the tacit of open support of assorted authoritiess that signed the UN declaration and thenceforth legislated to protect human rights in their ain states. Whilst subjugation and authorization in societal work pattern do associate to conveying about of societal justness, they do non stipulate minimum and cardinal demands for human being. This compels societal workers to see persons who have to set up for themselves when they are denied human rights by dominant powers. Social workers who are familiar with human rights can nevertheless readily and efficaciously use human rights positions to descry misdemeanors. They can see state of affairss of subjugation and favoritism as fortunes in which assorted infrastructural and legal resources can be applied for effectual riddance of subjugation or negation of its impact. The consciousness of human rights and acceptance of human rights positions can assist societal workers to border fortunes refering subjugation into those of misdemeanors of rights, thereby doing authoritiess and citizens accountable for turn toing and deciding such misdemeanors. Domestic force, favoritism and unequal instruction therefore become cases of misdemeanor instead than of unequal satisfaction of demands. Social workers with human rights positions can use greater force to the challenging of unjust resource distribution, inequality and subjugation. Awareness about the civilization of service users and the differences that exist between the civilizations of societal workers and different service users can besides assist societal workers on understanding different ways of subjugation, particularly so in groups like immigrants or cultural minorities, whose civilizations are immensely different from members of the dominant groups. Culture represents the integrated and distinguishable forms of behaviors, including ideas, values, beliefs, imposts and actions of racial, spiritual, cultural, or societal groups. It is considered to be the entirety of ways that is passed through coevalss and includes ways in which persons with disablements or individuals from different spiritual or cultural backgrounds experience their environments. With the chief mission of societal workers being the sweetening of wellbeing and assisting to fulfill cardinal human demands of individuals who are hapless, vulnerable, and oppressed, they can better their pattern effectiveness significantly by understanding and going sensitive to cultural diverseness and singularity. The acquisition of such cognition can assist societal workers in understanding the kernel of societal diverseness and subjugation with respect to race, cultural background, national beginning, age, sex, sexual orientation and physical or mental disablement. Such cognition and apprehension can assist in the accomplishment of cultural competency and enable them to incorporate and transform their cognition of individuals and groups of people into specific attitudes and patterns. Whilst the development of cultural competence is of import for societal workers, the diverse backgrounds of service users, particularly in urban locations, make this procedure hard and disputing. Oppression and Domestic Violence against Women Domestic force against adult females consequences straight from the inequalities between work forces and adult females. It denies adult females their really basic homo rights, i.e. the right to wellness and undermines the development of communities and societies. General factors like marginalization and poorness and specific facets like race or ethnicity, consequence in some adult females going more vulnerable to domestic force. Whilst work forces besides face domestic force, the lower societal position of adult females, particularly in certain communities and civilizations exposes them to greater hazard, even as the figure of incidences of domestic force against adult females appears to increase at an dismaying gait. Domestic Violence refers to the usage of physical or emotional force or menace of physical force, including sexual force ; in near grownup relationshipsaˆÂ ¦.The term domestic force goes beyond existent physical force. It can besides affect emotional maltreatment ; the devastation of belongings ; isolation from friends, household and other beginnings of support ; menaces to others including kids ; stalking ; and command over entree to money, personal points, nutrient, transit and the telephone. Such force causes extended physical, emotional and mental harm to adult females. It prevents them from take parting in society, limits their entree to resources and their ability to take portion in activities like work, travel and instruction. Apart from such inauspicious effects, domestic force against adult females amendss the physical, emotional and mental development of kids, hurts their public presentation in school and affects their life opportunities. Domestic force besides consequences in economic costs for the person and for society that arise from lost work, wellness attention costs and costs of societal work appraisal and intercession for adult females and other affected household members. Domestic force against adult females is a serious job in Ireland. A 2002 study on Sexual Abuse and Violence revealed that one adult female in four in Ireland had faced some kind of sexual maltreatment during her life-time and one in five had suffered sexual assault as an grownup. Ireland witnessed 109 slayings of adult females between 1996 and 2005, 72 of which occurred in their places. All the slayings were perpetrated work forces and 50 % of these by spouses or ex-partners. Ireland has been sing rapid inward migration since the 1990s, a phenomenon that has made one of the most homogeneous societies in the EU culturally and ethnically diverse. Whilst domestic force occurs across race, faith and category, migratory adult females sing force at place face extra structural barriers on history of in-migration position, deficiency of acquaintance with linguistic communication and racism, which significantly hamper their options for protection and support. A 2008 survey by Paula Fagan reveals that migratory adult females sing force at place face four of import barriers, viz. ( a ) in-migration statute law, ( B ) limitations on use of public financess, ( degree Celsius ) racism from larger society and banishment from ain communities on rhenium [ ort of maltreatment, and ( vitamin D ) cultural differences with, and deficiency of understanding from, mainstream society, which increase their hurt and exposure, cut down their options with respect to societal security, exacerbate their fright of isolation and create barriers their seeking of aid and protection. Fagan s study reveals that the discretional character of the state s in-migration system presents alone challenges both for adult females and societal workers in set uping rights, entitlements and protections for migratory adult females sing maltreatment. With no protections yet in topographic point for adult females whose position are dependent on their husbands/partners or for those restricted from societal public assistance payments, options for maintaining adult females safe are badly restricted. A key determination of this study is that, while there needs to be betterments in Ireland s domestic force legislative and policy model for all adult females, there are specific failures in this system for migratory adult females linked to in-migration statute law, policy and processs.

Personal, Professional and Career Development Assignment

Personal, Professional and Career Development - Assignment Example nced or reworked for the better and through my curiosity, I often strive to reach at the best possible solutions or approaches to issues or challenges in the course of my personal and professional development. Most importantly, my drive to explore the new and unfamiliar territories often leads to more creativity since I often discover new opportunities that can be exploited for better results or enhanced outcomes. Nonetheless, I am highly uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity both in my personal and professional life and I often prefer to have the specific information regarding everything such as the right answers to all questions, the exact time schedules for particular events, and so on. This natural desire for certainty comes in handy in my line of work as a project manager, particularly in the project implementation stages since it contributes to timely completion of projects and proper planning beforehand for specific roles to be performed by key individuals. I am reasonably confident in my own capacity to originate and work with ideas and even if I may not be so creative, I never shy away from experimenting with ideas; whenever I am faced with a challenge or opportunity to solve a problem, I like to experiment with creative solutions to the issues at hand because creativity can yield solutions to real life problems (Fobes 1996, p.19). I am more likely to take up the roles or tasks that present me with the chance to exploit and prove my creative genius and I consider all challenges as stepping stones to discovering new approaches to success, particularly in work environments that are highly demanding in terms of high pressure to perform (Ahmadi 2014, p.19). I am more inclined to sharing ideas since I strongly believe it does help in stimulating more ideas in other people as well as new dimensions of novelty in coming up with new ideas; furthermore, the collaborative thinking effort in group settings highly contributes to the collective p roblem-solving

Thomson One - Business School Edition - Walt Disney Prospectus Essay - 1

Thomson One - Business School Edition - Walt Disney Prospectus - Essay Example This is a type of debt whereby the investors are paid an interest rate for their money. This debt is different from others in that its interest rate resets after every four months. A company that offers this kind of debt has the right to sell bonds whose benchmark is different from those that are linked to the United States of America. Companies embrace this type of debt since they are able to hedge against risks related to interest rates and at the same time remain in corporates. Its main aim was to attract long term investors into buying the stocks. The company targeted both the existing as well as new investors. The fact that the debentures were offered as floating debt was one major factor that increased their marketability. The interest rates were to be offered in quarterly basis and this served to attract many people to buy the bonds. In addition, the bonds’ interests could be reviewed after every four months, a factor that could also increase its marketability. They wer e to be sold on the basis of shareholding. Those who already have shares at the company would fill an enrolment form to get the bonds at a minimum lower amount. Those who do not hold shares were also given a chance to buy the bonds but their minimum amount was set at a higher than the existing shareholders. 2) List the dollar amount of debt Disney proposed to sell to the public. Indicate whether this amount has increased or decreased from 2008 to 2010. Discuss some potential causes of this increase or decrease. At the time when Disney proposed to sell its debentures to the public, the amount to be sold was stated to be $1 billion (High Beam Business, 2013). The bonds were to be issued in the denominations of $2, 000. For the excess of $2, 000, there was to be issues of integral multiples of $1, 000. It is important to note that the proceeds that the company was to receive equalled $989, 760, 000 with the rest being commission to agents which was stated at the rate of 0.35% (High Bea m Business, 2013). Between the years 2008 and 2010, the amount in dollars increased. There are a number of reasons that could have led to this increase. One of them is the fact that the company needed more money as the expansion plan changed as the business environment changed. In addition, the company’s profitability may have reduced due to the global economic crisis that hit most countries. This reduced the amount of profit that the company could have re-invested and hence it had to borrow more. 3) Determine the percentage of the sales price Disney nets after discounts and commissions. Indicate whether this amount as decreased or increased from 2008 to 2010. Discuss some potential causes of this increase or decrease For every sale of shares or any kind of securities including bonds and debentures, the company usually does not sell them directly. The securities are normally sold through a broker or an agent who has to be paid a commission. In addition, the company may opt to sell its securities at a discount or at a premium. Discounts are expenses to be charged on revenue while premium is recorded as an income. In the case of Walt Disney, the bonds were not sold at a discount. However, there was a commission fee that was pain to the agents who were selling the bonds on behalf of the company. As it has been mentioned earlier, the discounts/ commissions

Write an essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Write an - Essay Example Black represents boldness while whi represents light. Indeed, this piece of art is a reflection of a traditional era but there is life in it. First impression: My first impression of this piece of art was hilarious and I was so fascinated about the way it looked liked. The piece of art was so gigantic and resembling a true image of a living human being. However, what impressed more about this piece of art was the size. Extended viewing: Even the biggest person I have ever imagined could not match the size of the person portrayed by this sculpture. My initial impression about this piece of art was positive since it shows a high degree of artistry skill where a true image of a living human being can be designed using different types of material such as metal and bronze. Line: line is emphasized in the form of height in this piece of art. Height entails that the sky is the limit and this implies that human beings can achieve anything they want in their lives if they commit themselves to that particular action. The human beings are endowed with the brains and they can achieve whatever they want in order to improve their lives. Space: The other element of art portrayed in this piece is related to space. It can be observed that the piece of art is proportionally presented meaning that it occupies adequate space to be in control of the surrounding environment. The space shows that the person represented has free movement and can control the environment around him. Balance: The principle of design that is emphasized in this piece of art is related to the aspect of balance. Apart from the enormous height of the piece of art, it can be seen that it is balanced and firmly upright. This reflects great skill of the artist to show that they can defy other natural elements that can otherwise make it impossible for such a huge feature to stand upright. The colors are also balanced in order to make the art attractive to the viewer. These

Contemporary cars Essay Example for Free

Contemporary cars Essay

Effectiveness of Play Based Learning on Thinking Skills

Effectiveness of Play Based Learning on Thinking Skills The effectiveness of play-based learning in developing thinking skills in young children. There is wide-held support for the thesis that a play-based curriculum will directly enhance cognition in young children. The effectiveness of play-based learning is founded on the pedagogical applications of the theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Semenovich Vygotsky. Both theorists wrote about the importance of play in the world of children and recent research in the area builds upon their ideas to confirm that play has a significant role in the development of cognitive skills in young children. In this essay, I will explore how play-based learning is linked to the development of thinking skills in young children, especially when the processes involved in play are made explicit, so that children, while enjoying the experience of play also explicitly recognise the mechanics of play, understand the role of play in their learning and anticipate the outcomes that will be achieved. I will consider both theoretical and practical levels and conclude that the benefits of play are so vital that children need to be given an abundance of opportunities to experience learning through play, because play directly affects their capacity for cognition, metacognition and problem solving, skills which are fundamental to their longer-term academic and social achievements. In a detailed synthesis of the recent research on the relationship between play and cognition, Bergen (2002) lists how such studies link play to young childrens mathematical reasoning, cognitive strategies, linguistic ability, problem-solving skills and mental representation ability. However, despite the positive literature on the importance of play in the learning experiences of children, there still exists an underlying bias – both parental and pedagogical – that sees play as a â€Å"trivial,† â€Å"purposeless† and â€Å"aimless† activity or a â€Å"jumbo category† that includes all sorts of activities, some of which are â€Å"conducive to learning† and others which are not (Wood and Attfield, 2005, p. 2). It is pertinent then to ask the same question that Moyles (2005, p. 2) asks: â€Å"Can play be equated with anything that is worthwhile in the twenty-first-century world?† A play-based curriculum includes play as a pedagogical tool. This is based on the understanding that the characteristics of play are always present in the world of the child (Piaget, 1999) and it is through play that children naturally learn about the world. Play involves a wide variety of activities and behaviours that take place in different meaningful contexts. Adults, however, according to Piaget (1999), tend to distinguish between â€Å"serious endeavour† and â€Å"play† and see a childs play as a â€Å"world of irresponsibility, in which unreality reigns supreme† (p. 366). The very nature of play might indeed be founded on behaviour that is seemingly spontaneous and idiosyncratic, but these characteristics are often mirrored in young childrens thinking patterns. Wood and Attfield (2005, p. 87) clarify that while young childrens thinking exhibits elements of disorganisation and inconsistency, there are actually very consistent patterns being developed in pla y which later integrate into a childs accumulated body of knowledge and experience. This occurs successfully when children are encouraged to become consciously aware of the processes at play in their play-based learning activities. It is when play is made explicit – that is, when it is understood at the metacognitive level – that it becomes an especially effective tool in developing thinking skills in young children (p. 87). Thinking skills are a group of skills that govern how new knowledge is learned. Clarke (2008, p. 1) defines thinking as a â€Å"complex process that involves a variety of skills that are often used together when confronted with a new and interesting situation.† Thinking skills also require â€Å"knowing about thinking.† This is metacognition. Metacognitive abilities include planning how to approach a learning task or problem, evaluating a specific learning process or approach to problem-solving, and being motivated to do this (Clarke, 2008). The development of thinking skills in young children requires that children be given opportunities to think â€Å"for themselves† and apply the knowledge they have acquired in one learning situation to another situation. Thinking skills are also often called â€Å"critical thinking† or â€Å"creative thinking† because of the assumed ability of a learner to reason, evaluate, solve and process, while being aware o f executing these skills. Clarke (2008) stresses that children need opportunities for questioning and answering in a â€Å"variety of contexts† and â€Å"play situations.† In these situations, adults should serve as guides to model the skills required for developing cognition and metacognition. Children develop thinking skills through their interactions with adults as well as with other children and through â€Å"their explorations and use of mind-engaging materials† (Puckett and Diffily, 2004, p. 36). Play is effective in developing thinking skills because different play situations offer cognitive challenges, provide opportunities for young children to form new connections between ideas and concepts, and consolidate cognitive competence by incorporating â€Å"practice, rehearsal, repetition, mastery and extension† (Wood and Attfield, 2005, p. 88). Moreover, cognitive development in young children is linked to their ability to acquire the skills that Vygotksy called â€Å"symbolic representation† (Whitebread and Jameson, 2005, p. 65), which are linked to abstract thought, the type of cognitive competence developed in later years. Young children between the ages of two and seven are in, what Piaget calls, the â€Å"pre-operational† period of cognitive development, a period characterised by the â€Å"acquisition of representational skills: mental imagery, language, and drawing† (Puckett and Diffily, 2004, p. 105). During this phase in their cognitive development, children use words, concepts, images, signs and symbols. A play-based curriculum can effectively foster the acquisition of such skills. Even a game of tag can offer opportunities for the development of thinking skills (Little, 1998) if the teacher makes explicit the mechanics of the game. For example, the physical education activity of â€Å"chasing and tagging† becomes an opportunity for thinking as well as â€Å"having fun.† Thinking skills are developed when students discuss the rules and objectives of the game with the teacher in the guiding role. For example, the teacher might ask about the strategies students used in tagging, seek ideas on how it is best to play the game, question how well students understood directions, and encourage students to consider novel ways for playing the game. Similarly, playing with play dough in the classroom can become an opportunity for developing thinking skills (Dimech and Pace, 2005) when the teacher introduces the concept and symbol of CAF (Consider All Facts.) Students are offered the opportunity to develop thinking skills when asked leading questions by the teacher, for example, â€Å"Where are we going to play?† â€Å"What should we do so as not to dirty the tables?† and â€Å"What should we do when we have finished playing?† (p. 5). Hereford and Schall (1998) also consider how guiding children through â€Å"dramatic play† can help develop creative thinking and problem-solving skills. For example, playing a â€Å"trip to the moon† could begin with guided questions that identify a problem (the need for helmets), brainstorm solutions (what can be used) and choose and evaluate a solution. Here the teacher supports the choices of the students even when impractical or illogical (p. 22). These activi ties encourage students to think for themselves and to understand the mechanics of their playing and thinking activities at a metacognitive level. In both theory and practice then, the evidence supporting a direct link between the effectiveness of play-based learning in developing thinking skills in young children is significant. The development of thinking skills thrives best when young children experience learning in a variety of complex contexts. A play-based curriculum offers the ideal multidimensional context in which young children are able to develop cognitive competence and metacognitive strategies. Young children should therefore be given ample opportunities to experience play, because play can indeed be equated with something â€Å"worthwhile.† References Bergen, B., 2002. The Role of Pretend Play in Childrens Cognitive Development. [online] In Early Childhood Research Practice, Vol. 4 No. 1. Available from: http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n1/bergen.html [Accessed: 21 November 2008]. Clarke, J., 2008. What are thinking skills, and how can they be nurtured in young children? [online] In Teaching Expertise. Available from: http://www.teachingexpertise.com/articles/fostering-young-childrens-thinking-skills-3193 [Accessed: 21 November 2008]. Dimech, N., and Pace, D., 2005. Thinking Skills Lesson Plans for Kindergarten [online] Skola, Available from: http://schoolnet.gov.mt/tsearly/LESSONPLANS/lessonplansforkindergarten.PDF [Accessed: 21 November 2008]. Hereford, N.J., and Schall, J., 1998. Learning Through Play: A Practical Guide for Teaching Young Children. New York, NY: Teaching Resources/Scholastic. Little, N., 1998. Sharks and Barracudas: Chasing and Tagging Activity: An Educators Reference Desk Lesson Plan [online] The Educators Reference Desk. Available from: http://eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/Physical_Education/Games/GAM0005.html [Accessed: 21 November 2008]. Moyles, J.R., ed., 2005. Excellence of Play. Berkshire: Open University Press. Piaget, J., and Inhelder, B., 1999a. The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence: : Classification and Seriation. London: Routledge. Puckett, M.B., and Diffily, D., 2004. Teaching Young Children. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Learning. Whitebread, D., and Jameson, H., Play, Storytelling and Creative Writing, p. 59-71. In Moyles, J.R., ed., 2005. Excellence of Play. Berkshire: Open University Press. Wood, E., and Attfield, J., 2005. Play, Learning and the Early Childhood Curriculum. California: SAGE Publications Inc. 5/ 5

Essay --

Like many other topics, organic food brings up many controversial opinions. A new study out of Stanford University showed how organic fruits and vegetables are the same as conventionally grown products by countering their nutrients intake. Their study included humans that were tested between two days to two years. In the end of their study they concluded that organic goods are no more nutritious than lowly conventional foods. Also, when it comes to meats and dairy production, they claim that they didn’t find any apparent health advantages. To end up with this conclusion, the specialists made thousands of research that included 17 studies of the population that consume organic and non-organic foods in their diet and 223 studies that contain comparisons between the nutrients levels, pesticide, hormones, and bacterial contamination in different organic and non-organic products ( vegetables, fruits, milk, and meats). They strengthen their theory by saying that no long-term studies showed any health difference between people that consume organic foods versus people that eat non-organic products. But still, they said half-heartedly that they found in organic food more phosphorus than in conventionally grown food and higher levels of pesticides in non-organic products. But they quickly covered this by saying that the â€Å"pesticide levels were always within health regulations and below the dangerous levels† (USDA). In the other hand, in the last few years, many studies have been confirmed that organic food is more nutritious than non-organic. According to Crinnion, the mineral and vitamin content in organic products were discussed in earlier studies, while recent studies looked at pesticides and hormones levels. For example, Lairon reported ... ...n). Secondly, sometimes natural hormones are metabolized by the body but the synthetic ones are not. In fact, synthetic hormones act as toxins in the body and can be difficult to get out of your system (U.S Drug and Food Administration). One of the main side effects of synthetic hormones (rBGH and steroid hormone) is weigh gain, especially around the abdomen, hips and thighs. Other major health risks of steroid and rBGH hormones have been correlated with increased risk of many cancers, heart disease and strokes. Simply choosing organic meat and dairy products can help avoid the health risks associated with hormone treated foods including weight gain and obesity. Also, because these steroids and antibiotics are not fully broken down and enter the environment fully intact through waste water and run off choosing organic foods is a good choice for the environment, too.

Loneliness in Of Mice and Men Essay

Explore the issues connected with loneliness in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men. Loneliness is examined carefully in Of Mice and Men. In the world of itinerant ranch-hands, loneliness is an inescapable part of life and Steinbeck records this through the plot and characters in his novel. Being lonely is the lack of an emotional, mutual bond, which leads the characters to lose a sense of self-worth and dignity. This essay explores what Steinbeck discusses about loneliness in Of Mice and Men and how he uses the characters of Candy, Crooks, George, Lennie and Curley’s wife to express these views. George and Lennie are the most interesting starting point for such an exploration since they are the only two characters in the novel who are defined by their companionship rather than loneliness. George proclaims proudly to Lennie in the early pages of the novel, that itinerant ranch-hands, typical of the economic Depression in the USA in the 1930s, â€Å"are the loneliest guys in the world† but â€Å"with us [them] it ain’t like that†. Both George and Lennie know that their friendship gives them a future and gives their life purpose and significance. They want to own a farm where they can â€Å"live off the fatta the lan'† and rear animals; where their feeling of self-worth will not stem from gambling and prostitutes, but from their camaraderie-their importance to each other. On the other hand, other wandering workers â€Å"got no family† and they â€Å"don’t belong no place.† George and Lennie know that their companionship sets them apart-it makes them dignified enough to have a dream and think about putting down roots, a dream that most ranch-hands would have had at the time, but would never achieve. Other ranch-hands’ remained as ‘islands’, their lives cut off from anybody else’s. The fact that the bond between George and Lennie would have been rare-it is the only instance of true friendship between men in the novel-shows that at the time of the Great Depression, every man was for himself. Indeed, a few characters are suspicious of their friendship, thinking it financially exploitative: â€Å"You takin’ his pay away from him? †¦ Well, I never seen a guy take so much trouble for another guy.† The only reason their friendship exists is because Lennie is so simple; his vulnerability and dependence on George make him loyal and trustworthy, unlike any other ranch-hand. Although George says, â€Å"When I think of the swell time I could have without you, I go nuts,† he knows that Lennie’s presence makes him feel more important and confident than an average itinerant worker like him would normally-being in charge with Lennie makes him feel in charge of his life. Tragically, however, by the end of the novel this is what George becomes-an average itinerant worker; he has to kill Lennie and after losing the only emotional human connection he had, George’s dream and dignity are both destroyed: â€Å"He usta like to hear about it so much I got to thinking maybe we would [be able to have the farm.]† The fact remains that such an honest friendship has a flawed foundation-Lennie’s mental debility, although making a friendship possible, also makes him too vulnerable to make prudent decisions. Loneliness is thus inevitable for George and all his fellow wanderers. In many ways, George and Lennie’s relationship is mirrored by that between Candy and his dog. Again, Candy is able to gain true loyalty and trust only from a dog-a one-dimensional, vulnerable being. When the thick-skinned Carlson asks, â€Å"He ain’t no good to you †¦ Why’n’t you shoot him Candy?† the only answer Candy can produce is that he â€Å"had him so long†. Over the years, Candy has developed a special bond of care, as opposed to simple utility, with his dog. To Carlson, who can only understand the value of a person in terms of their practical usefulness, due to his experience of the Great Depression, this bond is meaningless. After his dog is shot, Candy is reduced to a useless old cripple, also encapsulated in solitude. The dog’s companionship had allowed Candy to cherish his past and be hopeful for his future, but now he has nothing to look forward to: â€Å"When they can me here I wisht somebody’d shoot me †¦ I won’t have no place to go an’ I can’t get no more jobs.† The dream farm tempts Candy, too, because he feels that owning a place will prevent him from becoming a lonely monument for passing ranch-hands to observe. His desperation for the farm is so intense that even after Lennie’s death he hopes George may work towards it, but to no avail-Candy too is destined to be alone, unknown and uncared for once he can no longer serve a practical purpose.